Expert consensus on nutritional management of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia / 中国当代儿科杂志

Inadequate nutrition supply in the early stage after birth is a risk factor for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants, and it is also closely associated with the progression and clinical outcome of BPD. Optimized nutritional support is of great importance to reduce the incidence and severity of BPD and promote lung development and neurological prognosis. Based on the relevant studies in China and overseas, the expert consensus on BPD nutrition management is developed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) method. The consensus includes the following seven aspects: the importance of nutrition in BPD, fluid intake, energy intake, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, post-discharge nutrition, and nutrition monitoring and evaluation.

Research advances in breastfeeding / 中国当代儿科杂志

Human breast milk is the most natural and ideal food for the baby. Breastfeeding provides benefits for maternal and child health, child immune function, growth and development, and society. The operation of human milk bank and the use of donor human milk undoubtedly provides a new way of nutrition support for the preterm infants without their own mother's milk and a new kind of treatment for other diseases. Present research on the composition of breast milk focuses on the variety and quantity of proteins, bioactive substances, probiotics and cell population.Future research may focus on the bioactive substances, the mechanism of regulation and effect of cell population, the application of probiotics and the clinical application of donor human milk.

Medical application of breast milk banks / 中国当代儿科杂志

The history of breast milk banks is over 100 years. Most of the milk banks were closed because of HIV in the 80's. But more and more milk banks are re-opening and new ones are being established as the composition and superiority of breast milk are recognized again. The Human Milk Banking Association of North America and European Milk Bank Association have been set up and they have established and revised the standards and guidelines of breast milk banks. There is no doubt of the clinical effects of donor human milk on preterm infants worldwide. The Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommended that the preterm infants should use donor human milk when their own mothers' milk is not enough. The first breast milk bank was set up in China in 2013, and its clinical and social significance is worthy of further study.

Evidence-based therapy of nephrotic edema / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the evidence-based therapy of edema in nephrotic syndrome by analyzing the literatures systematically.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The literatures related to the treatment of nephrotic edema were retrieved from the following: Chinese Biological Medicine Database (CBM-disk), Chinese Journals Full-text Database (CNKI, 1994-2006), Chinese Technological Periodicals Database (VIP, 1989-2006), Chinese Evidence Biological Medicine/Cochrane Central Database (CEBM/CCD), Cochrane Library Database, MEDLINE (1966-2006), EMBASE (1975-2006), MEDLARS, SCI (1985-2006) and OVID by electron and craft search with the following key words: nephrotic syndrome, edema, recalcitrant edema, refractory edema or resistant nephrotic edema, and treatment, diuretic therapy or human albumin treatment. The relevant literatures on randomized controlled trials (RCT) that met the criteria were statistically analyzed by the Coorporative network software RevMan 4.2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 113 articles were searched (60 in Chinese and 53 in English), of which 12 were RCT. Three of the 12 articles were included for Meta analysis. Meta analysis showed that dextran-40 together with furosemide was effective for nephrotic edema. Human albumin solution could be used in nephrotic edema patients with coexistent severe hypoalbuminemia. A combination of diuretics by intravenous drip infusion was effective for diuretic-resistant nephrotic edema.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The treatment for nephrotic edema should be individualized. The evidence of treatment of nephrotic edema has not been fully elucidated. Further multicentre, large sample, and randomized controlled trials are needed.</p>